|
Delgado, L. & Prats, X. 2011 (Nov).
Simulation of airborne ATFM delay and delay recovery by cruise speed reduction.
In Proceedings of the First SESAR Innovation Days, 29th.
SESAR,
Toulouse, France.
Keywords: Air Traffic Management (ATM), Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM), speed adjustments |
| Abstract: Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) regulations, such as ground holdings, are often cancelled before their initially planned ending time. This early cancellation leads to an unnecessary ground delay and a misuse of airport or airspace resources. In previous publications, the authors have suggested a speed reduction strategy aiming at splitting the assigned ATFM delay between ground delay and airborne delay. If the aircraft flies at the minimum speed that gives the same fuel consumption as initially planned, the airline can maximise the airborne delay without any extra fuel consumption. If the regulation is cancelled before it was initially planned, the aircraft already airborne will be in a better position to recover part of the delay without incurring in additional fuel costs. In this paper, this speed reduction strategy has been simulated with the FACET tool for a whole day of flights inbound San Francisco airport (California). For each flight in the data set, it has been computed the maximum amount of airborne delay that can be performed. Moreover, the amount of delay that can be recovered has been also computed as a function of the time the regulation is cancelled. Preliminary results show, at first glance, a linear relationship between this cancellation time and the delay recovery which encourages as future work, to develop a parametric model of this delay recovery. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{delgado_11_simulation,
author = {Luis Delgado and Xavier Prats},
title = {Simulation of airborne ATFM delay and delay recovery by cruise speed reduction},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First SESAR Innovation Days, 29th},
year = {2011},
month = {Nov},
address = {Toulouse, France},
organization = {SESAR}
}
|
|
Pastor, E., Royo, P., Pérez-Batlle, M., Prats, X. & Barrado, C. 2011 (Nov).
Evaluating Technologies and Mechanisms for the Automated/Autonomous Operation of UAS in Non-Segregated Airspace.
In Proceedings of the First SESAR Innovation Days, 29th.
SESAR,
Toulouse, France.
Keywords: |
| Abstract: This paper focuses on several aspects of the UASATM interaction that have not been previously addressed: separation assurance, contingency reaction and lost link procedures; as well as the evaluation of the trade-off between automated and autonomous UAS operations. These aspects will definitely determine the effectiveness of the UAS integration performing the aforementioned surveillance missions. Our research intents to investigate such relationships and how current ADS-B or future technology may support them. Beyond the conceptual perspective, a simulation environment is being developed to provide functional and quantitative measures to the study of the UAS– ATM interaction. UAS operations are modeled and reproduced in great detail through a wide set of real-time simulations. UAS behavior is being coupled with an ATC simulation environment that will allow to explore the UAS behavior to contingencies, conflicting traffic and ATC requests in real time. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_11_evaluating,
author = {Enric Pastor and Pablo Royo and Marc Pérez-Batlle and Xavier Prats and Cristina Barrado},
title = {Evaluating Technologies and Mechanisms for the Automated/Autonomous Operation of UAS in Non-Segregated Airspace},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First SESAR Innovation Days, 29th},
year = {2011},
month = {Nov},
address = {Toulouse, France},
organization = {SESAR}
}
|
|
Prats, X. & Hansen, M. 2011 (June).
Green delay programes, Absorbing ATFM Delay by Flying at Minimum Fuel Speed..
In Proceedings of the 9th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar (ATM2011).
Eurocontrol/FAA,
Berlin (Germany).
Keywords: Air Traffic Management (ATM), Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM), speed adjustments |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{prats_11_green,
author = {Xavier Prats and Mark Hansen},
title = {Green delay programes, Absorbing ATFM Delay by Flying at Minimum Fuel Speed.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar (ATM2011)},
publisher = {Eurocontrol/FAA},
year = {2011},
month = {June},
address = {Berlin (Germany)}
}
|
|
Pastor, E., Royo, P., Delgado, L., Pérez-Batlle, M., Barrado, C. & Prats, X. 2011 (May).
Depart and Approach Procedures for UAS in a VFR Environment.
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Application and Theory of Automation in Command and Control Systems (ATACCS’2011)..
Garcia, E., Majumdar, A., Palanque, P., Pasquini, A., Saez, F.J. & Winckler, M. (Ed.)
pp. 27-37.
IRIT Press,
Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain).
Keywords: Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), UAV, approach and departure operations, IFR, VFR |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_11_depart,
author = {Enric Pastor and Pablo Royo and Luis Delgado and Marc Pérez-Batlle and Cristina Barrado and Xavier Prats},
editor = {Eduardo Garcia and Arnab Majumdar and Philippe Palanque and Alberto Pasquini and Francisco Javier Saez and Marco Winckler},
title = {Depart and Approach Procedures for UAS in a VFR Environment},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Application and Theory of Automation in Command and Control Systems (ATACCS’2011).},
publisher = {IRIT Press},
year = {2011},
month = {May},
pages = {27-37},
address = {Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain)}
}
|
|
Pastor, E., Royo, P., Santamaria, E., Pérez-Batlle, M., Barrado, C. & Prats, X. 2011 (May).
An Architecture to Automate UAS Operations in Non-segregated Airspace.
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Application and Theory of Automation in Command and Control Systems (ATACCS’2011)..
Garcia, E., Majumdar, A., Palanque, P., Pasquini, A., Saez, F.J. & Winckler, M. (Ed.)
pp. 5-16.
IRIT Press,
Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain).
Keywords: |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_11_architecture,
author = {Enric Pastor and Pablo Royo and Eduard Santamaria and Marc Pérez-Batlle and Cristina Barrado and Xavier Prats},
editor = {Eduardo Garcia and Arnab Majumdar and Philippe Palanque and Alberto Pasquini and Francisco Javier Saez and Marco Winckler},
title = {An Architecture to Automate UAS Operations in Non-segregated Airspace},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Application and Theory of Automation in Command and Control Systems (ATACCS’2011).},
publisher = {IRIT Press},
year = {2011},
month = {May},
pages = {5-16},
address = {Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain)}
}
|
|
Prats, X., Puig, V. & Quevedo, J. 2010 (Dec).
Optimisation of site-specific noise abatement departure procedures.
In Proceedings of the 9th Innovative Research Workshop & Exhibition.
pp. 127-134.
Eurocontrol,
Brétigny-sur-Orge (France).
Keywords: Aircraft noise abatement, aircraft trajectory optimization, multi-objective optimization |
| Abstract: The optimisation of aircraft noise abatement procedures involves several conflicting factors, including several noise sensitive locations and aircraft operating costs. This paper presents some strategies that aim at better assessing these compromises when optimising site-specific noise abatement departure procedures that take into account the actual populated areas, their type and distribution, the hour of the day where the trajectory is supposed to be flown and the aircraft type. A special emphasis is given to the fairness of the trajectory with regards to the populated areas exposed to noise. In this context, a noise annoyance deviation index is proposed as optimisation objective. Moreover a multi-objective optimisation strategy, employing goal, lexicographic-egalitarian and hierarchical optimisation techniques is presented. An illustrative example is given with the design of the East departures at Girona airport, Catalonia (Spain). Results point out how the noise annoyance impact of current operational procedures can be significantly reduced by the optimised trajectories and show, as well, an important dependency on the type of aircraft and the hour of the day |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{prats_10_optimisation,
author = {Xavier Prats and Vicenç Puig and Joseba Quevedo},
title = {Optimisation of site-specific noise abatement departure procedures},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Innovative Research Workshop & Exhibition},
publisher = {Eurocontrol},
year = {2010},
month = {Dec},
pages = {127-134},
address = {Brétigny-sur-Orge (France)}
}
|
|
Quevedo, J., Puig, V., Escobet, T., Pérez, R., Prats, X. & García, C. 2010 (Nov).
Actividades en control y supervisión inteligente del Grupo de Sistemas Avanzados de Control (SAC) de la Universidad Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC).
In Actas del VI Simposio CEA de Control Inteligente.
Comité Español de Automática (CEA),
La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain).
(in Spanish).
Keywords: |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{quevedo_10_actividades,
author = {Joseba Quevedo and Vicenç Puig and Teresa Escobet and Ramon Pérez and Xavier Prats and Claudia García},
title = {Actividades en control y supervisión inteligente del Grupo de Sistemas Avanzados de Control (SAC) de la Universidad Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)},
booktitle = {Actas del VI Simposio CEA de Control Inteligente},
publisher = {Comité Español de Automática (CEA)},
year = {2010},
month = {Nov},
address = {La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain)},
note = {(in Spanish)}
}
|
|
Lema, J.M., Royo, P., Pastor, E., López, J., Santamaria, E., Delgado, L., Barrado, C., la Cour-Harbo, A. & Bisgaard, M. 2010 (Sep).
Virtual Autopilot System for Helicopters UAV missions.
In Proceedings of the 27th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS).
ICAS,
Nice, France.
Keywords: UAV, autopilots |
| Abstract: Selecting the right autopilot to be integrated in a given UAS to develop a certain mission is a complex task because none of them are mutually compatible. Moving from one autopilot to another may imply redesign form scratch all the remaining avionics in the UAS. This paper presents the Virtual Autopilot System (VAS), an intermediate subsystem added to the UAS platform to abstract the autopilot from the mission and payload controller in a UAS. The VAS is a system that on one side interacts with the selected autopilot and therefore needs to be adapted to its peculiarities. On the other side, interacts with all the architecture offering standardized information of the autopilot, and consuming mission and payload orders. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lema_10_virtual,
author = {Juan Manuel Lema and Pablo Royo and Enric Pastor and Juan López and Eduard Santamaria and Luis Delgado and Cristina Barrado and Anders la Cour-Harbo and Morten Bisgaard},
title = {Virtual Autopilot System for Helicopters UAV missions},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS)},
year = {2010},
month = {Sep},
address = {Nice, France},
organization = {ICAS},
url = {http://www.icas2010.com/}
}
|
|
Pastor, E., Prats, X. & Delgado, L. 2010 (Sep).
An Assessment for UAS Traffic Awareness Operations.
In Proceedings of the 27th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS).
ICAS,
Nice, France.
Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Systems, UAS Operations, ATM Integration |
| Abstract: Technology evolution in the field of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) will affect the Air Traffic Management (ATM) performance regarding to new military and civil applications. UAS, as new airspace users, will represent new challenges and opportunities to design the ATM system of the future. The goal of this future ATM network is to keep intact (or improve) the network in terms of security, safety, capacity and efficiency level. On the other hand, most UAS are, at present, designed for military purposes and very few civil applications have been developed mainly because the lack of a regulation basis concerning their certification, airworthiness and operations. Therefore, UAS operations have always been solutions highly dependent on the mission to be accomplished and on the scenario of flight. The generalized development of UAS applications is still limited by the absence of systems that support the development of the actual operations. Moreover, the systematic development of UAS missions leads to many other operational risks that need to be addressed. All this elements may delay, increase the risk and cost in the implementation of a new UAS application. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_10_assessment,
author = {Enric Pastor and Xavier Prats and Luis Delgado},
title = {An Assessment for UAS Traffic Awareness Operations},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS)},
year = {2010},
month = {Sep},
address = {Nice, France},
organization = {ICAS}
}
|
|
Delgado, L. & Prats, X. 2010 (Jun).
An Optimisation Framework for Aircraft Operators Dealing with Capacity-Demand Imbalances in SESAR.
In Proceedings of the 4rd International Congress on Research in Air Transportation (ICRAT).
pp. 339-346.
EUROCONTROL / FAA,
Budapest (Hungary).
Keywords: Air Traffic Management (ATM), Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM), capacity-demand, trajectory optimization |
| Abstract: This paper presents a framework for the negotiation phase that is foreseen in the new operational concept proposed in the Single European Sky Research (SESAR) program. In particular, this paper describes a possible strategy for the airspace users in order to deal with the Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) process that is expected in this future scenario. In the SESAR scenario, airspace users will become owners of their trajectories and they will be responsible to solve possible mismatches between capacity and demand in a particular airspace sector. The aim of this strategy is to improve the efficiency in the CDM process by computing the different operational costs associated to different solutions that may solve a particular demand-capacity imbalance in the airspace. This will allow them to optimise their operating costs while reducing fuel consumption and therefore being more environmentally friendly. Some suggestions have already been done for the CDM mechanism, for instance the use of auctions. However, the different options that aircraft operators might use have not yet been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, the authors propose an optimisation framework for aircraft operators aimed at computing 4D trajectories with time constraints to deal, in this way, with possible airspace regulations. Once a nominal flight plan and a potential regulation is known, it is suggested to compute several possible alternative flight plans (including rerouting, but also altitude and speed profiles) that may solve the capacity-demand problem. If more than one regulation is applied to the flight, a tree of options is subsequently computed. The cost of each optimised the option is also calculated in order to allow the airspace users to initiate the negotiation process with other airlines. Finally, a preliminary example is given at the end of this paper in order to better illustrate the proposed methodology. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{delgado_10_optimisation,
author = {Luis Delgado and Xavier Prats},
title = {An Optimisation Framework for Aircraft Operators Dealing with Capacity-Demand Imbalances in SESAR},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4rd International Congress on Research in Air Transportation (ICRAT)},
year = {2010},
month = {Jun},
pages = {339--346},
address = {Budapest (Hungary)},
organization = {EUROCONTROL / FAA}
}
|
|
Pastor, E., Prats, X., Royo, P., Delgado, L. & Santamaria, E. 2010 (Mar).
UAS pilot support for departure, approach and airfield operations.
In Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference.
IEEE,
Big Sky, Montana (USA).
Keywords: UAS, UAV, Humman Machine Interface (HMI), integration to civil airspace, flight operations |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_10_uas,
author = {Enric Pastor and Xavier Prats and Pablo Royo and Luis Delgado and Eduard Santamaria},
title = {UAS pilot support for departure, approach and airfield operations},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference},
publisher = {IEEE},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
address = {Big Sky, Montana (USA)}
}
|
|
Pastor, E., Santamaria, E., Royo, P., López, J. & Barrado, C. 2010 (Mar).
On the Design of a UAV Flight Plan Monitoring and Edition System.
In Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference.
AIAA/IEEE,
Big Sky, Montana (USA).
Keywords: |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_10_design,
author = {Enric Pastor and Eduard Santamaria and Pablo Royo and Juan López and Cristina Barrado},
title = {On the Design of a UAV Flight Plan Monitoring and Edition System},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
address = {Big Sky, Montana (USA)},
organization = {AIAA/IEEE}
}
|
|
Pastor, E., Sole, M., Lopez, J., Royo, P. & Barrado, C. 2010 (Mar).
Helicopter-based Wildfire Monitoring System Software Architecture.
In Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference.
AIAA/IEEE,
Big Sky, Montana (USA).
Keywords: middleware, avionics, remote sensing |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lopez_10_software,
author = {Enric Pastor and Marc Sole and Juan Lopez and Pablo Royo and Cristina Barrado},
title = {Helicopter-based Wildfire Monitoring System Software Architecture},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
address = {Big Sky, Montana (USA)},
organization = {AIAA/IEEE},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446807}
}
|
|
Solé, M., Pastor, E., Pérez, M., Santamaria, E. & Barrado, C. 2010 (Jan).
Dynamic Flight Plan Design for UAS Remote Sensing Applications.
In Proceedings of the 48th AIAAAerospace Sciences Meeting.
AIAA,
Orlando, Florida (USA).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, distributed architecture, flight plan, mission specification |
| Abstract: The development of Flight Control Systems (FCS) coupled with the availability of other Commercial Off-The Shelf (COTS) components is enabling the introduction of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the civil market. UAS have great potential to be used in a wide variety of civil applications such as environmental applications, emergency situations, surveillance tasks and more. In general, they are specially well suited for the so-called D-cube operations (Dirty, Dull or Dangerous). Current technology greatly facilitates the construction of UAS. Sophisticated flight con- trol systems also make them accessible to end users with little aeronautical expertise. How- ever, we believe that for its successful introduction into the civil market, progress needs to be made to deliver systems able to perform a wide variety of missions with minimal reconfiguration and with reduced operational costs. Most current flight plan specification mechanisms consist in a simple list of waypoints, an approach that has important limitations. This paper proposes a new specification mech- anism with semantically richer constructs that will enable the end user to specify more complex flight plans. The proposed formalism provides means for specifying iterative be- havior, conditional branching and other constructs to dynamically adapt the flight path to mission circumstances. Collaborating with the FCS, a new module on-board the UAS will be in charge of executing these plans. This research also studies how the proposed flight plan structure can be tailored to the specific needs of remote sensing. For these type of applications well structured and efficient area and perimeter scanning is mandatory. In this paper we introduce several strategies focused to optimize the scanning process for tactical or mini UAS. The paper also presents a prototype implementation of this module and the results obtained in simulations. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{sole_10_dynamic,
author = {Marc Solé and Enric Pastor and Marcos Pérez and Eduard Santamaria and Cristina Barrado},
title = {Dynamic Flight Plan Design for UAS Remote Sensing Applications},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 48th AIAAAerospace Sciences Meeting},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
address = {Orlando, Florida (USA)},
organization = {AIAA}
}
|
|
Sariñena, D., Barrado, C., Pastor, E. & Tristancho, J. 2009 (Oct).
NextGen Trajectory Approaches with Air-Air Negotiation Protocol.
In Proceedings of the AIAA/IEEE 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference.
Florida (USA).
Keywords: ATM, protocols, NextGen, SESAR |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{sarinena_09_nextgen,
author = {D. Sariñena and Cristina Barrado and Enric Pastor and Joshua Tristancho},
title = {NextGen Trajectory Approaches with Air-Air Negotiation Protocol},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the AIAA/IEEE 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference},
year = {2009},
month = {Oct},
address = {Florida (USA)}
}
|
|
Tristancho, J., Barrado, C. & Pastor, E. 2009 (Oct).
A Telemetry Modeling for Intelligent UAV Monitoring.
In Proceedings of the AIAA/IEEE 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference.
Florida (USA).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, telemetry, avionics |
| Abstract: An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV for short, is able to fly autonomously during all phases of flight, but has to be monitored from an operator station. In this article a better avionic system is proposed to optimize this process reducing the channel usage without quality degradation. The information related to the aircraft position is called telemetry. This early avionic system is tested in the longitudinal mode of a high wing model unmanned aircraft system in an open source flight simulator. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{tristancho_09_telemetry,
author = {Joshua Tristancho and Cristina Barrado and Enric Pastor},
title = {A Telemetry Modeling for Intelligent UAV Monitoring},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the AIAA/IEEE 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference},
year = {2009},
month = {Oct},
address = {Florida (USA)},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347421}
}
|
|
Delgado, L. & Prats, X. 2009 (Sep).
En-route Speed Reduction for the Mangement of ATFM Delays.
In Proceedings of the 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference.
AIAA,
Hilton Head, South Carolina (USA).
Keywords: Air Traffic Management (ATM), Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM), speed adjustments |
| Abstract: In this paper a new concept aimed at better dealing with delays caused by regulations is presented. Inspired in future 4D trajectories, where a time constraint can be applied at each way-point, it is proposed to spread the total delay imposed by a regulation over the trajectory that goes from the departing airport to the regulated airspace. Given a nominal cruise speed, there exist a set of possible lower speeds that allow a longer flight (and then, a cumulative flight delay) with the same or less fuel consumption if compared with the nominal situation. In this way, the aircraft that has been delayed can consider to take-off on time and loose this time by flying slower and requiring the same or less fuel than initially planed. Besides the positive environmental impact, the airliner can bet that finally the regulation at the congested airspace may be not applied and being the departure on time, the delay can be absorbed more easily in flight with a minimal or null fuel consumption increase. Finally, this concept is applied to some example flights. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{delgado_09_en-route,
author = {Luis Delgado and Xavier Prats},
title = {En-route Speed Reduction for the Mangement of ATFM Delays},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
address = {Hilton Head, South Carolina (USA)}
}
|
|
Delgado, L. & Prats, X. 2009 (Sep).
Fuel consumption assessment for speed variation concepts during the cruise phase.
In Proceedings of the Conference on Air Traffic Management (ATM) Economics.
German Aviation Research Society and University of Belgrade (Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering),
Belgrade (Serbia).
Keywords: Air Traffic Management (ATM), Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM), speed adjustments, fuel costs |
| Abstract: In recent years, some research studies in Air Traffic Management (ATM) have proposed the idea of adjusting the speed of aircraft for several applications, like for instance, conflict resolution, 4D trajectory management, and airspace capacity and demand balance. In this paper an initial assessment on how this kind of speed variations may affect to fuel consumption is presented. Only the cruise phase is considered and the relationships existing among different variables such as the speed, the flight level, the aircraft mass etc. are arisen. In addition, it is emphasised in what conditions a speed reduction strategy can be implemented without penalising the fuel consuamption. Thence, it is shown that there is a range of speeds, lower than the nominal cruise speed, that do not suppose an increase in fuel consumption regarding the nominal block fuel. However, a certain sensibility with the selected Cost Index is identified. High values of the Cost Index allow more speed margin without a negative fuel impact, while low values of the Cost Index reduce the impact on fuel consumption in the case the nominal cruise speed is increased. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{delgado_09_fuel,
author = {Luis Delgado and Xavier Prats},
title = {Fuel consumption assessment for speed variation concepts during the cruise phase},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Air Traffic Management (ATM) Economics},
publisher = {German Aviation Research Society and University of Belgrade (Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering)},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
address = {Belgrade (Serbia)},
url = {http://www.garsonline.de/Downloads/090910/Papers/Paper_Delgado%20&%20Prats.pdf}
}
|
|
Delgado, L., Prats, X., Royo, P. & Pastor, E. 2009 (Sep).
An Assessment for UAS Depart and Approach Operations.
In Proceedings of the 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference.
AIAA,
Hilton Head, South Carolina (USA).
Keywords: UAS, UAV, integration to civil airspace, flight operations |
| Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have great potential to be used in a wide variety of civil applications such as environmental applications, emergency situations, surveillance tasks and more. The development of Flight Control Systems (FCS) coupled with the availability of other Commercial Off-The Shelf (COTS) components is enabling the introduction of UAS into the civil market. The sophistication of existing FCS is also making these systems accessible to end users with little aeronautics expertise. However, muchwork remains to be done to deliver systems that can be properly integrated in standard aeronautical procedures used by manned aviation. In previous research advances have been proposed in the f ight plan capabilities by offering semantically much richer constructs than those present in most current UAS autopilots. The introduced fight plan is organized as a set of stages, each one corresponding to a different fight phase. Each stage contains a structured collection of legs inspired by current practices in Area Navigation (RNAV). However, the most critical parts of any f ight, the depart and approach operations in a integrated airspace remain mostly unexplored. This paper introduces an assessment of both operations for UAS operating in VFR and IFR modes. Problems and potential solutions are proposed, as well as an automating strategy that should greatly reduce pilot workload. Although the final objective is a full autonomous operation, the pilot is always kept in the control loop and therefore HMI aspects are also considered. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{delgado_09_assessment,
author = {Luis Delgado and Xavier Prats and Pablo Royo and Enric Pastor},
title = {An Assessment for UAS Depart and Approach Operations},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
address = {Hilton Head, South Carolina (USA)}
}
|
|
Prats, X., Puig, V., Quevedo, J. & Nejjari, F. 2009 (Sep).
Equitable noise abatement departure procedures.
In Proceedings of the 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference.
AIAA,
Hilton Head, South Carolina (USA).
Keywords: Aircraft noise abatement, aircraft trajectory optimization, multi-objective optimization |
| Abstract: As an extension of previous research, this paper deals with the optimisation of noise abatement departure procedures where the perceived annoyance at different sensitive locations is modelled and chosen as optimisation criterion. In this work, the authors present an improved method for facing the multi-criteria nature of the problem where the fairness of the optimal solutions is assessed. Thence, the Rawlsian or egalitarian criterion is defined and used to guarantee this fairness among all objectives. Moreover, this criterion is enhanced with an iterative lexicographic optimisation methodology which, in turn, satisfies the Pareto efficiency condition of the final solution. An application example is analysed, as a illustrative case, based on a departure of runway 02 of Girona airport in Catalonia (Spain). |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{prats_09_equitable,
author = {Xavier Prats and Vicenç Puig and Joseba Quevedo and Fatiha Nejjari},
title = {Equitable noise abatement departure procedures},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
address = {Hilton Head, South Carolina (USA)}
}
|
|
Santamaria, E., Pérez-Batlle, M., Ramírez, J., Barrado, C. & Pastor, E. 2009 (Sep).
Mission Formalism for UAS Based Navaid Flight Inspections.
In Proceedings of the 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference.
AIAA,
Hilton Head, South Carolina (USA).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, flight inspection, rnav |
| Abstract: In previous work UAS have been proposed as the platform of choice for performing Navaid Flight Inspections. It is expected that the use of these platforms will significantly reduce time and monetary costs, but a number of issues must be addressed for UAS to become a real alternative. An important requirement for flight inspection missions is to minimize their impact on other air traffic. In this paper we focus on provisioning UAS with a level of operational agility comparable to that provided by a human on-board pilot. Planning to avoid conflicts, the unmanned vehicle must be able to momentarily interrupt and later on resume the inspection operations in an automated manner. In this paper we analyze the operational requirements for a specific inspection mission and design a flight plan for its execution. Afterwards, a flight plan specification formalism, that will enable us to perform the inspection mission in a highly automated manner, is presented. Finally, we demonstrate how the flight plan design is translated to a suitable representation using this formalism and how the required operational agility is achieved. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{santamaria_09_mission,
author = {Edurard Santamaria and Marcos Pérez-Batlle and Jorge Ramírez and Cristina Barrado and Enric Pastor},
title = {Mission Formalism for UAS Based Navaid Flight Inspections},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
address = {Hilton Head, South Carolina (USA)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/8486}
}
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Santamaria, E., Royo, P., Barrado, C. & Pastor, E. 2009 (Aug).
An Integrated Mission Management System for UAS Civil Applications.
In Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference.
AIAA,
Chicago, Illinois (USA).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, flight plan, mission, contingencies |
| Abstract: This paper presents an Integrated Mission Management System for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). The system consists in a number of mission and flight software modules that control the UAS path and the operation of its on-board payload in a coordinated manner. The overall system is called UAS Service Architecture Layer (USAL). An important requirement of the system is that it should be highly adaptable to perform a broad range of civil missions. To achieve this goal the flight plan and mission specifications are separated from the modules that perform its execution. The flight plan is described using a formalism specifically designed for UAS civil applications. State Chart XML is used to provide a state based model for the UAS behavior during the mission. USAL offers additional capabilities oriented to the automated reaction to contingencies. This paper describes the alternative airfield specification mechanism and the contingency management architecture employed in the USAL. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{santamaria_09_integrated,
author = {Eduard Santamaria and Pablo Royo and Cristina Barrado and Enric Pastor},
title = {An Integrated Mission Management System for UAS Civil Applications},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2009},
month = {Aug},
address = {Chicago, Illinois (USA)}
}
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Salamí, E., Pedre, S., Borenzstejn, P., Barrado, C., Stoliar, A. & Pastor, E. 2009 (Jul).
Decision Support System for Hot Spot Detection.
In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Environments.
Castelldefels (Spain).
Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Systems, Real-Time, Image Processing, Fire Fighting |
| Abstract: Forest fires are an important problem for many countries. Prevention, surveillance and extinguishing tasks are costly and sometimes risky. This paper focuses on the surveillance of the fire embers once the fire is extinguished. This is a post-fire task which requires an important amount of terrestrial resources, especially if the weather conditions may provoke the resume of the fire. We propose the use of an Unmanned Aerial System to support fire fighters decisions. Our proposal is to develop an intelligent system which can make or suggest tactical decisions to firemen on hot-spot surveillance. The Unmanned Aerial System consists on a small unmanned aircraft, a ground control station and several personal devices for the firemen on ground. All system elements are wireless connected. On board data acquisition and fast processing, together with an intelligent transmission and interpretation are the targets of the system. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{salami_09_decision,
author = {Esther Salamí and S. Pedre and P. Borenzstejn and Cristina Barrado and A. Stoliar and Enric Pastor},
title = {Decision Support System for Hot Spot Detection},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Environments},
year = {2009},
month = {Jul},
address = {Castelldefels (Spain)}
}
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Pastor, E., Barrado, C., Royo, P., López, J. & Santamaria, E. 2009 (May).
UAV Architectures for Civil Missions.
In Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, ISRSE'09.
Stresa (Italy).
Keywords: |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_09_uav,
author = {Enric Pastor and Cristina Barrado and Pablo Royo and Juan López and Eduard Santamaria},
title = {UAV Architectures for Civil Missions},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, ISRSE'09},
year = {2009},
month = {May},
address = {Stresa (Italy)}
}
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Salamí, E., Pastor, E. & Barrado, C. 2009 (May).
Near Remote Sensing for Tactical Earth Protection.
In Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment ISRSE'09.
Stresa (Italy).
Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Systems, Airborne Remote Sensing, Image Processing, Forest Fire Management |
| Abstract: In this paper we present how to use an Unmanned Aerial System in remote sensing. The system is specifically designed for forest fire management, as a support tool for the Fire Services to improve their tactical decisions. The system payload includes two cameras: a thermal camera and a visual camera. A simple image processing algorithm is applied to the thermal images in order to detect hot areas. In case of detecting a hot spot, it raises an event and notifies the geographical position of the spot, so that the firemen manager can know the hot spot position as soon as possible. On demand, the system also provides the visual image of the area with the shape of the detected hot spot marked on it. The visual images of the surroundings of the fire can help experts to discard false positives and to make faster and more accurate decisions. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{salami_09_near,
author = {Esther Salamí and Enric Pastor and Cristina Barrado},
title = {Near Remote Sensing for Tactical Earth Protection},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment ISRSE'09},
year = {2009},
month = {May},
address = {Stresa (Italy)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/7071}
}
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López, J., Royo, P., Barrado, C. & Pastor, E. 2009 (Apr).
Applying Marea Middleware to UAS Communications.
In Proceedings of the AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference and AIAA Unmanned Unlimited Conference 2009.
Seattle, Washington (USA).
Keywords: middleware, communications, UAV |
| Abstract: Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are increasing their communication subsystems complexity as they are using several data links both for redundancy and for tacking with different communication requirements: different ranges, bandwidth, power consumption or cost. Inside the airframe a similar tendency with respect to communications is appearing. Modern digital avionics are mainly implemented as distributed computing architectures. This work describes Marea, a middleware specifically designed to fulfill UAS communications and their application to the design of complex distributed UAS avionics. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lopez_09_applying,
author = {Juan López and Pablo Royo and Cristina Barrado and Enric Pastor},
title = {Applying Marea Middleware to UAS Communications},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference and AIAA Unmanned Unlimited Conference 2009},
year = {2009},
month = {Apr},
address = {Seattle, Washington (USA)},
url = {http://pdf.aiaa.org/preview/CDReadyMIA09_2070/PV2009_1914.pdf}
}
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Pastor, E., Barrado, C., Royo, P., López, J. & Santamaria, E. 2009 (Apr).
An Architecture for the Development of Complex UAS Missions.
In Proceedings of the AUVSI's Unmanned Systems Europe.
La Spezia (Italy).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, distributed architecture, middleware, flight plan, mission |
| Abstract: The generalized development of UAS complex applications are still limited by the absence of systems that support the implementation of the actual mission. UAS design faces the development of specific systems to control their desired flight-profile, sensor activation/configuration along the flight, data storage and eventually its transmission to the ground control. All this elements may delay and increase the risk and cost of the project. This paper introduces a flexible and reusable hardware/software architecture designed to facilitate the development of UAS-based complex applications. This flexibility is organized into a user-parameterizable UAS service abstraction layer (USAL). The USAL defines a collection of standard services are their interrelations as a basic starting point for further development by users. Functionalities like enhanced flight-plans, a mission control engine, data storage, communications management, etc. are offered. Additional services can be included according to requirements but all existing services and inter-service communication infrastructure can be exploited and tailored to specific needs. This approach reduces development times and risks, but at the same time gives the user higher levels of flexibility and permits the development of more ambitious applications. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_09_architecture,
author = {Enric Pastor and Cristina Barrado and Pablo Royo and Juan López and Eduard Santamaria},
title = {An Architecture for the Development of Complex UAS Missions},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the AUVSI's Unmanned Systems Europe},
year = {2009},
month = {Apr},
address = {La Spezia (Italy)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/8917}
}
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Pastor, E., Barrado, C., Royo, P., López, J., Santamaria, E. & Prats, X. 2009 (Apr).
An Architecture for the Seamless Integration of UAS Remote Sensing Missions.
In Proceedings of the AIAA Unmanned...Unlimited Conference.
AIAA,
Seattle, WA.
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, distributed architecture, middleware, flight plan, mission, remote sensing |
| Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are slowing becoming efficient platforms that can be applied in scientific/commercial remote sensing applications. UAS may offer interesting benefits in terms of cost, flexibility, endurance, etc. On the other side, the complexity of developing a full UAS-system is currently limiting its practical application. Currently, only large organizations like NASA or NOAA have enough budget and infrastructure to develop such applications. Nowadays, UAS technology offers feasible technical solutions for airframes, flight control, communications, and a wide set of multi-spectrum sensors. However, the generalized development of remote sensing applications are still limited by the absence of systems that support the development of the actual UAS sensing mission. This paper introduces a flexible and reusable hardware/software architecture designed to facilitate the development of UAS-based remote sensing applications. This flexibility is organized into an user-parameterizable UAS Service Abstraction Layer (USAL). The USAL defines a collection of standard services are their interrelations as a basic starting point for further development by users. Functionalities like enhanced flight-plans, a mission control engine, data storage, communications management, etc. are offered. Additional services can be included according to requirements but all existing services and inter-service communication infrastructure can be exploited and tailored to specific needs. The overall USAL architecture is demonstrated by means of a wild land fire remote sensing application currently being developed to support fire fighters in the Mediterranean area. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_09_architecturea,
author = {Enric Pastor and Cristina Barrado and Pablo Royo and Juan López and Eduard Santamaria and Xavier Prats},
title = {An Architecture for the Seamless Integration of UAS Remote Sensing Missions},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the AIAA Unmanned...Unlimited Conference},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2009},
month = {Apr},
address = {Seattle, WA},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/8919}
}
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Pastor, E., Royo, P., Santamaria, E., Prats, X. & Barrado, C. 2009 (Apr).
In-Flight Contingency Management for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.
In Proceedings of the AIAA Unmanned...Unlimited Conference.
AIAA,
Seattle, Washington (USA).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, flight management, mission management, contingency management |
| Abstract: Contingency analysis and reaction is a critical task to be carried out by any airplane to guarantee its safe operation in a non-segregated airspace. Pilot’s reactions to any kind of incidences that may occur in-flight, like engine malfunctions, loss of electrical power, hydraulic failure, unexpected weather, etc, will determine the fate of the flight. Nowadays, contingency reactions are mainly driven by the airplane manufacturer, with pre-analyzed contingency scenarios covered in the airplane documentation, and by ICAO’s rules as de- fined in the way flight plans should be prepared and landing alternatives implemented. Flight dispatching is the set of tasks related to flight preparation, such as load and balance, meteorology study and briefing, operational flight planning, contingency analysis and plan- ning, etc. However, managing contingencies on a UAS is a much more complex problem basically due to the automated nature of the vehicle and the lack of situational awareness that pilot’s in command should face. It is well known from the short history of UAS acci- dents that many of them are directly imputable to pilot errors when trying to manage an unexpected contingency. In this paper we will introduce an structured approach to automate contingency reac- tions in UAS. Our objective is to classify the contingency sources and up to a certain level abstract their impact on the system operation. Contingencies can be related to four wide aspects of the UAS operation: the flight itself, the mission, the payload, and the awareness systems. depending on the level of severity the contingency reaction may involve changing or canceling mission objectives to canceling the flight itself. In this way, the response to the contingency can be selected from a predefined limited catalog of automated reactions that may reconfigure the UAS operation in all aspects. This structured approximation is only possible because the contingency management is built upon a highly capable architecture called USAL (UAS Service Abstraction Layer) that offers capabilities to properly monitor contingencies and the flexibility to command pre-planned contingency reactions that may affect the flight operation and/or the mission carried out by the system. Contingency management becomes directly dependent upon the UAS dispatching pro- cess. USAL provides a dispatching methodology that identified the mission objectives, the UAV airframe and its various characteristics, the software services required for managing the flight and the mission, the sensor and computational payload, etc. All these elements are combined together in an iterative dispatching flow. The result of the process is the actual UAS configuration in terms of fuel, electrical system, payload configuration, flight plan, etc; but also detailed flight plan, alternative routes and landing sites, detailed USAL service architecture and the required contingency planning. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_09_in-flight,
author = {Enric Pastor and Pablo Royo and Eduard Santamaria and Xavier Prats and Cristina Barrado},
title = {In-Flight Contingency Management for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the AIAA Unmanned...Unlimited Conference},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2009},
month = {Apr},
address = {Seattle, Washington (USA)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/6849}
}
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|
Santamaria, E., Barrado, C. & Pastor, E. 2009 (Apr).
An Event Driven Approach for Increasing UAS Mission Automation.
In Proceedings of the AIAA Unmanned...Unlimited Conference.
AIAA,
Seattle, Washington (USA).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, statecharts, scxml, mission |
| Abstract: UAS have great potential to be used in a wide variety of civil applications such as environmental applications, emergency situations, surveillance tasks and more. The development of Flight Control Systems (FCS) coupled with the availability of other Commercial Off-The Shelf (COTS) components is enabling the introduction of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the civil market. Despite the increasing number of COTS components becoming available, much effort is still required in order to make UAS a viable commercial solution for civil applications. We believe that for UAS to be successful in this context they must be flexible systems able to perform a wide variety of missions with minimal reconfiguration and reduced operational costs. In previous work, a flight plan specification formalism and its corresponding execution engine have been presented. These elements may suffice for simple applications but for more complex scenarios, we need a mechanism that specifies the vehicle behavior not only in flight plan terms but also taking into account payload operation. To provide this integration and, at the same time, increase the level of automation a mission management layer is added on top of the flight plan management facilities. The system flexibility requirement is satisfied by decoupling the mission description from its execution engine. This paper introduces an XML based mission specification mechanism for modeling the event-driven state-based behavior of the UAS. The Mission Manager is the software module responsible for its execution. The integration of the Mission Manager with other components that form part of our UAS distributed architecture is also described. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{santamaria_09_event,
author = {Eduard Santamaria and Cristina Barrado and Enric Pastor},
title = {An Event Driven Approach for Increasing UAS Mission Automation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the AIAA Unmanned...Unlimited Conference},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2009},
month = {Apr},
address = {Seattle, Washington (USA)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/8632}
}
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|
Pastor, E., Barrado, C., Royo, P., López, J., Santamaria, E., Prats, X. & Pérez-Batlle, M. 2009 (Mar).
Red-Eye: A Helicopter-Based Architecture for Tactical Wildfire Monitoring Strategies.
In Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference.
IEEE,
Big Sky, Montana (USA).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, distributed architecture, middleware, wildfire, remote sensing |
| Abstract: This work introduces a flexible and reusable architecture designed to facilitate the development of remote sensing applications. Based on it, we are developing a helicopter system, called Red-Eye, devoted to the detection, control and analysis of wild land forest fires in the Mediterranean area. The design of the proposed system is composed of five main components. Each component will work collaboratively to constitute a platform of high added value. The general architecture designed for wildfire monitoring is being tailored for two relevant objectives within the particular Mediterranean scenario: tactical day/night fire front evolution, and post-fire hot-spot detection. The generalized integration of monitoring vehicles with the operation of other aerial resources (attack helicopter and In addition to monitoring the fire front evolution, detection of remaining post-fire hot-spots located at the perimeter of Based on a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) a heli-borne hot-spot detection system is being developed. This |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_09_red-eye,
author = {Enric Pastor and Cristina Barrado and Pablo Royo and Juan López and Eduard Santamaria and Xavier Prats and Marcos Pérez-Batlle},
title = {Red-Eye: A Helicopter-Based Architecture for Tactical Wildfire Monitoring Strategies},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference},
publisher = {IEEE},
year = {2009},
month = {Mar},
address = {Big Sky, Montana (USA)},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2009.4839637}
}
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Prats, X., Quevedo, J. & Puig, V. 2009 (Mar).
Trajectory Management for Aircraft Noise Mitigation.
In Proceedings of the ENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC).
pp. 45-54.
Electronic Navigation Research Institute (ENRI),
Tokyo (Japan).
Keywords: Aircraft noise abatement, aircraft trajectory optimization |
| Abstract: This paper gives an overview of aircraft trajectory management aimed at producing noise abatement procedures. Area Navigation (RNAV) concepts play an important role in the design of flexible and, therefore, noise friendly depart or approach procedures. In addition, the lowest dispersion of RNAV tracks help to contain noise footprints in a smaller area if compared with footprints that are produced when conventional procedures are flown. However, RNAV turns still produce a significant amount of dispersion because of different aircraft performance and different Flight Management Systems (FMS) implementation. Noise exposure can be also mitigated if the aircraft trajectory is conveniently modified in the vertical plane. In this work, a brief overview of different lateral and vertical noise abatement strategies is given. Theoretical optimal trajectories are also assessed presenting some results of previous research done by the authors. The annoyance produced by aircraft noise in different noise sensitive locations is taken as minimization objective. This annoyance not only takes into account the measured acoustic values but also other important aspects that will affect the perceived annoyance by the population. The concept of equitable trajectories is also presented, where noise annoyance is minimized in the worst noise sensitive location and not as an average value for all locations. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{prats_09_trajectory,
author = {Xavier Prats and Joseba Quevedo and Vicenç Puig},
title = {Trajectory Management for Aircraft Noise Mitigation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC)},
publisher = {Electronic Navigation Research Institute (ENRI)},
year = {2009},
month = {Mar},
pages = {45-54},
address = {Tokyo (Japan)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/2794}
}
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Ramírez, J., Barrado, C. & Pastor, E. 2009 (Jan).
A Proposal for Using UAS in Radio Navigation Aids Flight Inspection.
In Proceedings of the 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting.
AIAA,
Orlando, Florida (USA).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, flight inspection, avionics |
| Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to contribute to the inherent necessity of the aerial transport system to guarantee the safety of its users in an efficient manner. This efficiency is required to accomplish the objective of transport people and goods with cost content enough to allow the access to this system at the biggest number of users. To improve this efficiency we propose a new paradigm in Flight Inspection Systems. This new paradigm separates the flight inspection platform in two separate segments, remaining in the air segment the strictly needed resources, the sensors, by mean of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ramirez_09_proposal,
author = {Jorge Ramírez and Cristina Barrado and Enric Pastor},
title = {A Proposal for Using UAS in Radio Navigation Aids Flight Inspection},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
address = {Orlando, Florida (USA)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/6968}
}
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Royo, P., López, J., Tristancho, J., Lema, J.M., López, B. & Pastor, E. 2009 (Jan).
Service Oriented Fast Prototyping for UAS Missions.
In Proceedings of the 47th AIAA-ASM Aerospace Sciences Meeting.
Florida (USA).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, UAV simulator environment, distributed system |
| Abstract: This paper introduces a simulation architecture to evaluate the implementation of a variety of civil UAS missions with little reconfiguration time and overhead. This architecture, called Icarus Simulation Integrated Scenario (ISIS), is capable of simulating the behavior of the UAS from the mission point of view, but also is able to include additional aerial/ground vehicles. Additionally, the mutual interaction between vehicles and the interaction with their surrounding environment is modeled. The objective of ISIS is to minimize both the development effort and risk, as well as to provide a feasible migration of the software from the testbed platform to the real flight platform. The UAS simulator is designed as a distributed simulation architecture in which vehicles and environment are modeled through specialized pieces of software. A service-oriented communication middleware provides the underlying infrastructure to easily implement the inter-vehicle coordination and even the coordination with third party applications providing additional simulated vehicles or simulated environment. A UAS-based forest fire monitoring application is selected to describe the ISIS capabilities to coordinate the simulation of a multi-vehicle cooperative environment developing a complex mission. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{royo_09_service,
author = {Pablo Royo and Juan López and Joshua Tristancho and Juan Manuel Lema and Borja López and Enric Pastor},
title = {Service Oriented Fast Prototyping for UAS Missions},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 47th AIAA-ASM Aerospace Sciences Meeting},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
address = {Florida (USA)},
url = {http://pdf.aiaa.org/preview/CDReadyMASM09_1811/PV2009_1479.pdf}
}
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López, J., Royo, P., Barrado, C. & Pastor, E. 2008 (Oct).
Modular Avionics for Seamless Reconfigurable UAS Missions.
In Proceedings of the IEEE 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference.
IEEE/AIAA,
St. Paul, Minesota (USA).
Keywords: IMA, avionics, UAV |
| Abstract: Abstract Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) architecture is a trend in current avionics that employs a partitioned environment in which different avionics functions share a unique computing environment. UAS avionics, especially in small UAS, are usually of less complexity than not the present on airliners, however, in real autonomous UAS, the onboard avionics should control not only the flight and navigation but also the mission and payload of the aircraft. This involves more complex software as it should implement "intelligent" or at least autonomous behavior. This need of both flexibility and complexity management while keeping low costs in the UAS avionics field requires new architectures to cope with. In this article, we describe a modular avionics architecture based on services. The avionics functionality is divided in distributed elements, the services, which are interconnected by a communication middleware. This article also proposes a configuration and deployment infrastructure and its related procedures that complete our vision of UAS avionics. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lopez_08_modular,
author = {Juan López and Pablo Royo and Cristina Barrado and Enric Pastor},
title = {Modular Avionics for Seamless Reconfigurable UAS Missions},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference},
publisher = {IEEE/AIAA},
year = {2008},
month = {Oct},
address = {St. Paul, Minesota (USA)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/2519}
}
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|
Ramírez, J., Barrado, C. & Pastor, E. 2008 (Oct).
Navaid Flight Inspection Optimisation with UAS Technology.
In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Precision Approach and Performance Based Navigation.
Bonn (Germany).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, flight inspection, avionics |
| Abstract: Current society requires to the aerial transport system (since decades ago) the capability to fly, in a safe manner, with unfavorable visibility conditions (night flies, with fog, among the clouds). This requirement makes the use of Radio Navigation Aids critical for the Aerial Transport System. Those NavAids could be seen as radio-frequency emitters which emission structure and geographic location allows the users (the flying aircrafts) to compute its position and course in an homogeneous way. Since the functional objective of a NavAid is to provide a radio-frequency emission with a known structure (spectrum, timing, power...) in order to identify this emission with the known site position, it shall be demonstrated that this emission corresponds with the standard. For this demonstration, a set of parameters shall be measured from the point of view of the final user. I.e: they shall be measured from the air, which is the place where they are used. The current use of general purpose aircrafts for flight inspection of NavAids provides the authorities with the magnitudes to be inspected measured in the same place that they are used but it has a big inconvenience: its price. This proposal has as its masterpiece the study of the technological and regulatory constraints of NavAids flight inspection using the UAS technology. This use allows the separation of the flight inspection in two segments: I.Air Segment. Essential elements in the air, antennas, sensors, data storage... II.Ground Segment. All those elements not strictly necessary for the ongoing inspection, spare parts, capability to carry personnel and ground equipment... Thanks to this, several benefits are obtained: With the proper use of telecommunications the inspection, platform could be seen (from a mission viewpoint) as a network of computers interacting in a common mission. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{ramirez_08_navaid,
author = {Jorge Ramírez and Cristina Barrado and Enric Pastor},
title = {Navaid Flight Inspection Optimisation with UAS Technology},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Precision Approach and Performance Based Navigation},
year = {2008},
month = {Oct},
address = {Bonn (Germany)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/6900}
}
|
|
Royo, P., López, J., Pastor, E. & Barrado, C. 2008 (Oct).
Flexible Electrical Manager Service for UAS Applications Development.
In Proceedings of the IEEE 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference.
IEEE/AIAA,
St. Paul, Minesota (USA).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, electrical manager, distributed system |
| Abstract: Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) are becoming viable aerial platforms for civil oriented monitoring applications. However, in most cases the selected UAS platforms are ad-hoc vehicles which include highly heterogeneous avionics. Avionics on-board may be COSTS modules that have highly different non-standard power requirements. Additionally, the available power sources in these UAS may be fairly limited or even restricted to battery units. This paper introduces the ELectrical Manager Service (ELMS), an on-board system in charge of offering a flexible power supply architecture that supports minimal reconfiguration overhead for a wide variety of UAS missions. The ELMS Service is designed to offer a continuous monitoring of the state of the power network, and a coherent and controlled response in front of power supply contingencies. The ELMS will monitor the batteries and generator status, the power consumption of the avionics and other systems, manage the connection/disconnections of systems, and provide power availability estimations. The ELMS Service is part of an architecture designed to facilitate the execution of UAS civil missions, the USAL. The USAL is built as a set of cooperating services in a purely distributed and scalable architecture with a middleware that manages inter-service communications. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{royo_08_flexible,
author = {Pablo Royo and Juan López and Enric Pastor and Cristina Barrado},
title = {Flexible Electrical Manager Service for UAS Applications Development},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference},
publisher = {IEEE/AIAA},
year = {2008},
month = {Oct},
address = {St. Paul, Minesota (USA)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/2520}
}
|
|
González-Párez, H., Prats, X. & Bes, C. 2008 (Sep).
Capacity modelling for future aeronautical safety communications over wide areas.
In Proceedings of the 8th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference.
AIAA,
Anchorange, Alaska (USA).
Keywords: aeronautical communications, capacity modeling, satellite communications |
| Abstract: Air traffic forecast projects an important growth of aircraft movements and new communications means will be necessary. First step in the design phase is the communication needs definition. Within this paper we present a methodology for that task. Due to the operational needs, future air-ground communication architecture for safety communications will probably be composed by a two systems (one terrestrial and one satellite-based). Since current communication means are based on cellular technologies, past methodologies do not provide information for satellite design. The methodology that we have developed is independently of the technology or the type of services. Because of the large coverage of satellite systems, new methodology must be able to provide communication needs over wide areas. Same information will allow to make a global system trade-off for terrestrial cellular systems. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{gonzalez-perez_08_capacity,
author = {Hugo González-Párez and Xavier Prats and Caroline Bes},
title = {Capacity modelling for future aeronautical safety communications over wide areas},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2008},
month = {Sep},
address = {Anchorange, Alaska (USA)}
}
|
|
Prats, X., Puig, V., Quevedo, J. & Nejjari, F. 2008 (Sep).
Hierarchical and sensitivity analysis for noise abatement departure procedures.
In Proceedings of the 8th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference.
AIAA,
Anchorage, Alaska (USA).
Keywords: Aircraft noise abatement, aircraft trajectory optimization, multi-objective optimization |
| Abstract: Nowadays, the establishment of new noise abatement procedures is one of the main issues that airport authorities have to address. As a continuation of previous studies, the authors present in this paper a strategy for designing such procedures aimed at reducing the global annoyance perceived for the population living around the airports. Noise optimal departing routes are computed for a specific aircraft type and for a given scenario. This non-linear multi-objective optimal control problem is solved by using lexicographic and hierarchical optimisation techniques. This approach establishes a hierarchical order among all the optimisation objectives, which in this work are set as the maximum perceived noise levels at different noise sensitive locations. If the prioritisation that should be adopted is not clear, this work presents two techniques aimed at obtaining the best solution according to an equitable principle, based on minimising the worst case noise annoyance. First approach requires a high computational cost, but the best trajectory is obtained, being the opposite case for the second technique, which is based on heuristics. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{prats_08_hierarchical,
author = {Xavier Prats and Vicenç Puig and Joseba Quevedo and Fatiha Nejjari},
title = {Hierarchical and sensitivity analysis for noise abatement departure procedures},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2008},
month = {Sep},
address = {Anchorage, Alaska (USA)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/2793}
}
|
|
Prats, X., Pastor, E., Royo, P. & López, J. 2008 (Aug).
Flight Dispatching for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.
In Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit.
AIAA,
Honolulu, Hawaii (USA).
Keywords: UAS, UAV, integration to civil airspace, flight operations |
| Abstract: Flight dispatching is the set of tasks related to flight preparation, such as load and balance, meteorology study and briefing, operational flight planning, contingency analysis and planning, etc. The flight dispatcher must be in close contact with the pilot in command in order to verify that the airplane is airworthy, furnishing all kinds of information needed to properly operate the system. The advent of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) operating on civil missions will require developing new dispatching processes that take into account the main role of these vehicles: the mission. Traditional aviation focuses on point to point transportation of passengers and/or cargo. However, UAVs usually focus on surveillance applications that require large sets of sensors and complementary avionics to properly develop their assigned task. This paper presents the design of a new dispatching methodology focused for UAV civil applications. The overall process is mission-centric, focusing on all the requirements needed to properly implement the assigned tasks, but also integrating the traditional dispatching requirements of manned aircraft. The proposed dispatching process is built upon a specific UAV mission architecture, the Unmanned Service Architecture (USAL). Based on this architecture a methodology is introduced to characterize the mission objectives, the UAV airframe and its various characteristics, the software services required for managing the flight and the mission, the sensor and computational payload, etc. All these elements are combined together in an iterative dispatching flow. The result of the process is the actual UAV configuration in terms of fuel, electrical system, payload configuration, flight plan, etc; but also detailed flight plan, alternative routes and landing sites, detailed USAL service architecture and even contingency planning. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{prats_08_flight,
author = {Xavier Prats and Enric Pastor and Pablo Royo and Juan López},
title = {Flight Dispatching for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2008},
month = {Aug},
address = {Honolulu, Hawaii (USA)}
}
|
|
Santamaria, E., Royo, P., Barrado, C., Pastor, E., López, J. & Prats, X. 2008 (Aug).
Mission Aware Flight Planning for Unmanned Aerial Systems.
In Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit.
AIAA,
Honolulu, Hawaii.
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, rnav, flight plan |
| Abstract: The development of Flight Control Systems (FCS) coupled with the availability of other Commercial Off-The Shelf (COTS) components is enabling the introduction of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the civil market. UAS have great potential to be used in a wide variety of civil applications such as environmental applications, emergency situations, surveillance tasks and more. In general, they are specially well suited for the so-called D-cube operations (Dirty, Dull or Dangerous). Current technology greatly facilitates the construction of UAS. Sophisticated flight control systems also make them accessible to end users with little aeronautical expertise. However, we believe that for its successful introduction into the civil market, progress needs to be made to deliver systems able to perform a wide variety of missions with minimal reconfiguration and with reduced operational costs. Most current flight plan specification mechanisms consist in a simple list of waypoints, an approach that has important limitations. This paper proposes a new specification mechanism with semantically richer constructs that will enable the end user to specify more complex flight plans. The proposed formalism provides means for specifying iterative behavior, conditional branching and other constructs to dynamically adapt the flight path to mission circumstances. Collaborating with the FCS, a new module on-board the UAS will be in charge of executing these plans. The paper also presents a prototype implementation of this module and the results obtained in simulations. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{santamaria_08_mission,
author = {Eduard Santamaria and Pablo Royo and Cristina Barrado and Enric Pastor and Juan López and Xavier Prats},
title = {Mission Aware Flight Planning for Unmanned Aerial Systems},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2008},
month = {Aug},
address = {Honolulu, Hawaii},
url = {http://www.eurocontrol.int/eec/gallery/content/public/documents/Innovative_Studies/grants/2008/Mission_aware_flight_planning_for_UAVs.pdf}
}
|
|
Prats, X., Puig, V., Quevedo, J. & Nejjari, F. 2008 (Jun).
Optimal departure aircraft trajectories minimising population annoyance.
In Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Research in Air Transportation (ICRAT).
pp. 421-428.
EUROCONTROL / George Mason University,
Fairfax, Virginia (USA).
Best paper in track award.
Keywords: Aircraft noise abatement, aircraft trajectory optimization, multi-objective optimization, fuzzy logic |
| Abstract: This paper presents a strategy for designing noise abatement procedures aimed at reducing the global annoyance perceived for the population living around the airports. By using fuzzy logic techniques it is shown how annoyance can be modelled in function of the maximum perceived noise level at a specific noise sensitive location and the time of the day when the departure takes place. Thus, the annoyance is computed for different kinds of sensibility areas, such as residential zones, industrial zones, schools or hospitals and an annoyance figure is obtained for each possible trajectory. Then, a non-linear multiobjective optimal control problem is presented in order to obtain the minimum annoyance trajectory for all sensitive locations. Lexicographic optimisation is used to cope with the difficulties that arise when several criteria appear in the optimisation process. Finally, a practical example is given for an hypothetical scenario where different optimal trajectories are obtained at different day periods |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{prats_08_optimal,
author = {Xavier Prats and Vicenç Puig and Joseba Quevedo and Fatiha Nejjari},
title = {Optimal departure aircraft trajectories minimising population annoyance},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Research in Air Transportation (ICRAT)},
publisher = {EUROCONTROL / George Mason University},
year = {2008},
month = {Jun},
pages = {421-428},
address = {Fairfax, Virginia (USA)},
note = {Best paper in track award},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/2107}
}
|
|
Álvarez, V., Prats, X., Soley, S. & Montolio, J. 2008 (Apr).
EGNOS: a big system for small aerodromes.
In Proceedings of the European Navigation Conference.
Toulouse, France.
Keywords: satellite navigation, EGNOS, RNAV, APV approaches |
| Abstract: The work presented in this paper evaluates the benefits and services that EGNOS based navigation can provide to a regional network of aerodromes. The basic enablers for deploying this kind of operations are pointed out, focusing in airport infrastructure but also in required avionics and pilots rating. The regional aerodrome network of Catalonia is now managed by the public company Aeroports de Catalunya, jointly with local authorities, under control and supervision of the regional Government of Catalonia, aimed at providing the region with an enhanced and high quality network of aerodromes: between its plans, the modernization of the existing network and the construction of several new regional aerodromes, as well as one business airport. This work also analyses how the benefits of EGNOS for this emerging network can be taken into account in future policies of Aeroports de Catalunya. For instance, opportunities for new users such as fire extinguishing and rescue services as well as potential business development (like small air taxi companies) are pointed out. In addition, a new specific procedure design tool is presented. RAPIT (RNAV and APV Procedures Integrated Tool) is a CAD environment software tool specifically developed to assist RNAV and APV procedures design. It is able to manage cartographic and geographic data, making use of modern Digital Terrain Models, as well as obstacle databases. Moreover, it includes some basic drawing tools to assist procedure design. Finally a feasibility study of new EGNOS APV approach procedures is presented for two particular airports of the Catalan secondary airport network. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{alvarez_08_egnos,
author = {Víctor Álvarez and Xavier Prats and Santiago Soley and Josep Montolio},
title = {EGNOS: a big system for small aerodromes},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Navigation Conference},
year = {2008},
month = {Apr},
address = {Toulouse, France},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/1992}
}
|
|
Royo, P., López, J., Pastor, E. & Barrado, C. 2008 (Jan).
Service Abstraction Layer for UAV Flexible Application Development.
In Proceedings of the 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.
AIAA,
Reno, Nevada (USA).
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, UAV architecture, avionics |
| Abstract: An Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) is an uninhabited airplane, piloted by embed- ded avionics and supervised by an operator on ground. Unmanned Aerial Systems were designed to operate in dangerous situations, like military missions. With the avionics tech- nological evolution, Unmanned Aerial Systems also become a valid option for commercial applications, specially for dull and tedious surveillance applications. Cost considerations will also deviate some mission done today with conventional aircrafts to Unmanned Aerial Systems. In order to build economically viable UAS solutions, the same platform should be able to implement a variety of missions with little reconfiguration time and overhead. This paper describes a software abstraction layer for a Unmanned Aerial System distributed architecture. The proposed abstraction layer allows the easy and fast design of missions and solves in a cost-effective way the reusability of the system. The distributed architecture of the Unmanned Aerial System is service oriented. Func- tional units are implemented as independent services that interact each other using commu- nication primitives in a network centric approach. The paper presents a set of predefined services useful for reconfigurable civil missions and the directives for their communication. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{royo_08_service,
author = {Pablo Royo and Juan López and Enric Pastor and Cristina Barrado},
title = {Service Abstraction Layer for UAV Flexible Application Development},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit},
publisher = {AIAA},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
address = {Reno, Nevada (USA)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/2518}
}
|
|
Royo, P., López, J., Pastor, E. & Barrado, C. 2008 (Jan).
Service Abstraction Layer for UAV Flexible Application Development.
In Proceedings of the 46th AIAA-ASM Aerospace Sciences Meeting.
Reno, Nevada (USA).
Keywords: |
| Abstract: An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is a non-piloted airplane designed to operate in D-cube (Dangerous-Dirty-Dull) situations. With the advent of UAV’s civil applications, UAVs are emerging as a valid option in commercial scenarios. If it must be economically viable, the same platform should implement a variety of missions with little reconfiguration time and overhead. This paper proposes the UAV Services Abstraction Layer (USAL) that allows to solve the problem of reusability of he himself hardware/software for different missions. It is an abstraction layer that allows to design re-usable missions. With this intention it offers a set of predefined services and directives for its communication. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{royo_08_usal,
author = {Pablo Royo and Juan López and Enric Pastor and Cristina Barrado},
title = {Service Abstraction Layer for UAV Flexible Application Development},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 46th AIAA-ASM Aerospace Sciences Meeting},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
address = {Reno, Nevada (USA)}
}
|
|
López, J., Royo, P., Pastor, E., Barrado, C. & Santamaria, E. 2007 (Nov).
A Middleware Architecture for Unmanned Aircraft Avionics.
In Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USEUNIX 8th Int. Middleware Conference.
NewPort, California (USA).
Keywords: middleware, avionics, UAV |
| Abstract: An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is a non-piloted airplane designed to operate in dangerous and repetitive situations. With the advent of UAV's civil applications, UAVs are emerging as a valid option in commercial scenarios. If it must be economically viable, the same platform should implement a variety of missions with little reconguration time and overhead. This paper presents a middleware-based architecture specially suited to operate as a exible payload and mission controller in a UAV. The system is composed of low-cost computing devices connected by network. The functionality is divided into reusable services distributed over a number of nodes with a middleware managing their lifecycle and communication. Some research has been done in this area; yet it is mainly focused on the control domain and in its realtime operation. Our proposal differs in that we address the implementation of adaptable and reconfigurable unmanned missions in low-cost and low-resources hardware. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{lopez_07_middleware,
author = {Juan López and Pablo Royo and Enric Pastor and Cristina Barrado and Eduard Santamaria},
title = {A Middleware Architecture for Unmanned Aircraft Avionics},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USEUNIX 8th Int. Middleware Conference},
year = {2007},
month = {Nov},
address = {NewPort, California (USA)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/1468}
}
|
|
Delgado, L. & L.Castell 2007 (Oct).
Automatic Reading of Aeronautical Meteorological Messages.
In Proceedings of the Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications.
pp. 263-270.
IOS Press,
St. Julià de Lòria (Andorra).
Keywords: |
| Abstract: This paper describes the architecture developed to produce an automatic reader of aeronautical meteorological messages. An interlingua has been used and a whole process of natural language generation has been implemented. The system Festival has been used with a modified voice to read the messages generated. The presented system is able to translate the meteorological messages into a natural language text and read it. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{delgado_07_automatic,
author = {Luis Delgado and L.Castell},
title = {Automatic Reading of Aeronautical Meteorological Messages},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications},
publisher = {IOS Press},
year = {2007},
month = {Oct},
pages = {263-270},
address = {St. Julià de Lòria (Andorra)}
}
|
|
Santamaria, E., Royo, P., López, J., Barrado, C., Pastor, E. & Prats, X. 2007 (Oct).
Increasing UAV capabilities through autopilot and flight plan abstraction.
In Proceedings of the 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference.
AIAA/IEEE,
Dallas, Texas.
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, autopilots, flight plan |
| Abstract: This paper presents two novel avionics subsystems that aim at overcoming two clearly identified drawbacks of current UAV technology. Firstly, on board exploitation of autopilot telemetry is a complex and autopilot dependent task. Secondly, the flight plan definition mechanism available in most autopilots is just a collection of waypoints. This approach has several limitations, among them its inability to allow interaction between the flight plan and the mission in progress. The Flight Control System Gateway is a component designed to facilitate exploitation of data obtained from the autopilot. It provides a hardware-independent interface that isolates payload components from the autopilot specificities, thus eliminating dependencies on a particular autopilot solution. The Flight Plan Manager is a subsystem that interacts with the FCS Gateway in order to direct the flight of the UAV. It follows a flight plan described via a novel specification mechanism and sends commands to the FCS Gateway for its execution. The specification formalism improves on current mechanisms by introducing higher level constructs and enabling interaction with other payload components. These subsystems are integrated into an overall avionics solution which is based on an innovative publish/subscribe service based software architecture and a LAN based distributed hardware architecture. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{santamaria_07_increasing,
author = {Eduard Santamaria and Pablo Royo and Juan López and Cristina Barrado and Enric Pastor and Xavier Prats},
title = {Increasing UAV capabilities through autopilot and flight plan abstraction},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference},
publisher = {AIAA/IEEE},
year = {2007},
month = {Oct},
address = {Dallas, Texas},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391935}
}
|
|
Prats, X., Quevedo, J., c Puig, V. & Nejjari, F. 2007 (Aug).
Planning of aircraft departure trajectories by using fuzzy logic and lexicographic optimization.
In Proceedings of the 36th Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering.
Turkish AcoTurkish Acoustical Society; IZOCAM,
Istanbul (Turkey).
Keywords: Aircraft noise abatement, aircraft trajectory optimization, multi-objective optimization, fuzzy logic |
| Abstract: In this paper a strategy for planning aircraft departure trajectories for a given airport is presented. Noise annoyance produced by overflying aircraft is modeled by using fuzzy logic in function of the received noise level during the trajectory, the type and specific sensibility of the areas being overflyed and the time of the day when the aircraft departure takes place. Hence, an annoyance figure is obtained at different locations in the vicinity of the airport in function of a given trajectory. A non-linear multi-objective optimal control problem is presented in order to minimize the annoyance at all different locations and an optimal departure trajectory is obtained. The multi-objective optimization problem is solved by using a lexicographic technique where a hierarchical order among the optimization objectives is established in function of the perceived annoyance at each different location. Finally, a practical example is given where an optimal departure trajectory is obtained while minimizing the noise nuisance at some residential zones, hospitals, schools and industrial zones. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{prats_07_planning,
author = {Xavier Prats and Joseba Quevedo and Vicenc Puig and Fatiha Nejjari},
title = {Planning of aircraft departure trajectories by using fuzzy logic and lexicographic optimization},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 36th Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering},
publisher = {Turkish AcoTurkish Acoustical Society; IZOCAM},
year = {2007},
month = {Aug},
address = {Istanbul (Turkey)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/1183}
}
|
|
Quevedo, J., Prats, X., Nejjari, F. & Puig, V. 2007 (May).
Aircraft Annoyance Minimization Around Urban Airports Based On Fuzzy Logic.
In Proceedings of the Conference on systems and control (CSC).
GERAD, École Polytechnique de Montreal, Cadi Ayyad University,
Marrakesh, Morocco.
Keywords: Aircraft noise abatement, aircraft trajectory optimization, multi-objective optimization, fuzzy logic |
| Abstract: This paper presents a strategy based on fuzzy logic and lexicographic multi-objective optimization for designing noise abatement procedures aimed at reducing the noise exposure of the population living around the airports. A non-linear multi-objective optimal control problem is formally written and identified. A lexicographic optimization technique is presented for establishing a hierarchical order among the optimization objectives which are the noise at several different sensitive locations and fuel or time consumption criteria. A fuzzy logic set has been established to represent the noise annoyance in four different sensitive locations around the airport. A model for departure procedures has been used and the solution for a hypothetical scenario with four different noise sensitive locations is presented. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{quevedo_07_aircraft,
author = {Joseba Quevedo and Xavier Prats and Fatiha Nejjari and Vicenç Puig},
title = {Aircraft Annoyance Minimization Around Urban Airports Based On Fuzzy Logic},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on systems and control (CSC)},
publisher = {GERAD, École Polytechnique de Montreal, Cadi Ayyad University},
year = {2007},
month = {May},
address = {Marrakesh, Morocco},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/2033}
}
|
|
Pastor, E., Royo, P., López, J., Barrado, C., Santamaria, E. & Prats, X. 2007 (Apr).
Project SKY-EYE. Applying UAVs to Forest Fire Fighter Support and Monitoring.
In Proceedings of the Unmanned Vehicle Systems International UAV 2007 Conference.
Paris (France).
Keywords: |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_07_project,
author = {Enric Pastor and Pablo Royo and Juan López and Cristina Barrado and Eduard Santamaria and Xavier Prats},
title = {Project SKY-EYE. Applying UAVs to Forest Fire Fighter Support and Monitoring},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Unmanned Vehicle Systems International UAV 2007 Conference},
year = {2007},
month = {Apr},
address = {Paris (France)}
}
|
|
Pastor, E., López, J. & Royo, P. 2006 (Oct).
A hardware/software architecture for UAV payload and mission control.
In Proceedings of the 25th Digital Avionics Systems Conference.
AIAA/IEEE,
Portland, Oregon (USA).
Keywords: |
| Abstract: This paper presents an embedded hardware/software architecture specially designed to be applied on mini/micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). An UAV is low-cost non-piloted airplane designed to operate in D-cube (Dangerous-Dirty-Dull) situations [8]. Many types of UAVs exist today; however with the advent of UAV's civil applications, the class of mini/micro UAVs is emerging as a valid option in a commercial scenario. This type of UAV shares limitations with most computer embedded systems: limited space, limited power resources, increasing computation requirements, complexity of the applications, time to market requirements, etc. UAVs are automatically piloted by an embedded system named “Flight Control System”. Many of those systems are commercially available today, however no commercial system exists nowadays that provides support to the actual mission that the UAV should perform. This paper introduces a hardware/software architecture specially designed to operate as a |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_06_hardware-software,
author = {Enric Pastor and Juan López and Pablo Royo},
title = {A hardware/software architecture for UAV payload and mission control},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Digital Avionics Systems Conference},
publisher = {AIAA/IEEE},
year = {2006},
month = {Oct},
address = {Portland, Oregon (USA)}
}
|
|
de Montlaur, A., Prats, X., Rojas, J.I. & García-Berro, E. 2006 (Sep).
Model Rocket Workshop.
In Actas de las III jornadas internacionales de innovación universitaria. Metodos docentes afines al EEES.
Universidad Europea de Madrid (UEM),
Madrid (Spain).
(in Spanish).
Keywords: teaching, problem-based Learning, rocketry, tansversal skills |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{montlaur_06_model,
author = {Adeline de Montlaur and Xavier Prats and José Ignacio Rojas and Enrique García-Berro},
title = {Model Rocket Workshop},
booktitle = {Actas de las III jornadas internacionales de innovación universitaria. Metodos docentes afines al EEES},
publisher = {Universidad Europea de Madrid (UEM)},
year = {2006},
month = {Sep},
address = {Madrid (Spain)},
note = {(in Spanish)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/551}
}
|
|
Pastor, E., López, J. & Royo, P. 2006 (Aug).
An Embedded Architecture for Mission Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.
In Proceedings of the 9th EuroMicro Conference on Digital Systems Design.
Euromicro,
Cavtat/Dubrovnik, (Croatia).
Keywords: |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{pastor_06_embedded,
author = {Enric Pastor and Juan López and Pablo Royo},
title = {An Embedded Architecture for Mission Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th EuroMicro Conference on Digital Systems Design},
publisher = {Euromicro},
year = {2006},
month = {Aug},
address = {Cavtat/Dubrovnik, (Croatia)}
}
|
|
Prats, X., Nejjari, F., Puig, V., Quevedo, J. & Mora-Camino, F. 2006 (Jun).
A framework for RNAV trajectory generation minimizing noise nuisances.
In Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Research in Air Transportation (ICRAT).
pp. 19-28.
EUROCONTROL / Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering of Belgrade University,
Belgrade (Serbia).
Best paper in track award.
Keywords: Aircraft noise abatement, aircraft trajectory optimization, multi-objective optimization |
| Abstract: In this work it is presented a framework for a global optimization tool that will take into account aircraft dynamics and performances, noise nuisances and RNAV radionavigation requirements in order to assess an optimum flight depart or approach procedure. This strategy would be used as an optimization process performed by the corresponding authority in charge of the air trafc management of the involved airport or by an on-board optimization algorithm integrated in the Flight Management and Guidance System (FMGS). In both cases, the optimization framework is the same and the differences reside in the specific implementation of the optimization algorithms and the availability of the data in real time. In addition, aircraft's dynamic equations are developed in order to compute the flight trajectory from a set of ight guidance control variables and a first glance into a noise optimization criterion is given. Finally, the global optimization problem is properly formulated and the proposed solving utilities are presented. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{prats_06_framework,
author = {Xavier Prats and Fatiha Nejjari and Vicenç Puig and Joseba Quevedo and Félix Mora-Camino},
title = {A framework for RNAV trajectory generation minimizing noise nuisances},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Research in Air Transportation (ICRAT)},
publisher = {EUROCONTROL / Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering of Belgrade University},
year = {2006},
month = {Jun},
pages = {19-28},
address = {Belgrade (Serbia)},
note = {Best paper in track award},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/553}
}
|
|
Prats, X., Quevedo, J., Nejjari, F. & Puig, V. 2006 (Jun).
Noise nuisance model for optimizing flight trajectories around airports.
In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium in transport noise and vibration.
East European Acoustical Association,
St. Petersburg (Russia).
Keywords: Aircraft noise abatement, aircraft trajectory optimization, multi-objective optimization |
| Abstract: This work presents a noise nuisances model that takes into account not only the perceived noise but also the sensibility of the zone where this noise is produced. Several factors are considered, like the activity of the zone (residential, industrial, medical...), the time of the day and day of the week, the environmental noise already existent in the zone, the periodicity of the noise for several sequential trajectories, etc. By means of a noise propagation model giving the Sound Exposure Level (SEL) or the Lmax values at certain locations, a noise nuisance model will be developed in order to supply different optimization criteria. Then, multi-objective optimization is presented and specifically, lexicographic optimization is identified as the most suitable technique that can be used to compute minimum nuisance flight trajectories. Some preliminary results are finally given showing the feasibility and suitability of this particular multi-objective optimization technique. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{prats_06_noise,
author = {Xavier Prats and Joseba Quevedo and Fatiha Nejjari and Vicenç Puig},
title = {Noise nuisance model for optimizing flight trajectories around airports},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium in transport noise and vibration},
publisher = {East European Acoustical Association},
year = {2006},
month = {Jun},
address = {St. Petersburg (Russia)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/552}
}
|
|
Prats, X., Álvarez, V. & Soley, S. 2005 (Oct).
Enhancing the development of a particular network of aerodromes by using EGNOS.
In Proceedings of the 56th International Astronautical Congress.
Fukuoka, Japan.
Keywords: satellite navigation, EGNOS, RNAV, APV approaches |
| Abstract: Major improvements and new challenges will arise from the availability of new Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in the next decades. In particular, Satellite Based Augmentation systems (SBAS) meet the high accuracy, integrity and continuity levels required for safe critical applications, such as civil aviation radionavigation. The European SBAS contribution is called EGNOS (Global Navigation Overlay Service) which after more than six years of system development is expected to be ready for the final certification phase by the end of 2005. Conventional air radionavigation in continental airspace uses ground based navigation aids. Consequently, the system is inflexible regarding the en-route structure and airport departure or approach procedures. In addition, these facilities have a significant cost and an expensive maintenance program which small airports or aerodromes cannot afford. On the other hand, EGNOS will provide improved procedures at almost no cost for the airport authority in locations where instrumental navigation is poor or even not existing. This work contains a feasibility study of new EGNOS departure and approach procedures in small aerodromes where currently instrumental radionavigation is not possible. Particularly, the study focuses on the regional aerodrome network of Catalonia (Spain), whose characteristics are varied enough to make the benefits of the study representative. For instance, opportunities for new users such as fire extinguishing and rescue services as well as potential business development (like small regional passenger or cargo operators) are pointed out. In addition, this study remarks safety, environmental and operational advantages that satellite navigation will provide to civil aviation. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{prats_05_enhancing,
author = {Xavier Prats and Víctor Álvarez and Santiago Soley},
title = {Enhancing the development of a particular network of aerodromes by using EGNOS},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 56th International Astronautical Congress},
year = {2005},
month = {Oct},
address = {Fukuoka, Japan},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/648}
}
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Prats, X. 2005 (Sep).
Teaching practicals based on flight simulators -- Prácticas docentes con simuladores de vuelo.
In Proceedings of the II Jornadas Internacionales de innovación universitaria.
Universidad Europea de Madrid,
Madrid, Spain.
(in Spanish).
Keywords: teaching practicals, aeronautics, flight simulator |
| Abstract: Este trabajo presenta las prácticas de laboratorio de la asignatura de Tecnología Aaeroespacial, perteneciente a la titulación de Ingeniería Técnica Aeronáutica (especialidad en Aeronavegación) y que se imparte en la Escuela Politécnica Superior de Castelldefels (EPSC) de la Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC). Dichas prácticas se desarrollan en grupos de dos estudiantes alrededor de un conocido programa de simulación de vuelo y permiten al alumno ver y profundizar en los diferentes aspectos tratados en las clases teóricas de una manera próxima a la realidad y muy amigable. El alumno debe afrontarse a situaciones que, a lo largo de las diferentes sesiones de laboratorio, aumentan progresivamente en complejidad y conocimientos previos necesarios para resolverlas. Con esto, se llega a la práctica final donde cada pareja de estudiantes realiza un vuelo completo simulado de principio a fin que ha ido preparando y experimentando por partes durante el curso. Además, este vuelo se realiza en un entorno de simulación de tráfico aéreo en tiempo real con control del tráfico aéreo virtual (formado por estudiantes voluntarios de cursos superiores) que da aun más realismo a la simulación. Después de seis cursos consecutivos realizando esta experiencia, este trabajo concluye que este tipo de prácticas motivan significativamente al alumno a profundizar en los aspectos de la asignatura y potencian el trabajo cooperativo y el aprendizaje basado en proyectos. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{prats_05_practicas,
author = {Xavier Prats},
title = {Teaching practicals based on flight simulators -- Prácticas docentes con simuladores de vuelo},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the II Jornadas Internacionales de innovación universitaria},
publisher = {Universidad Europea de Madrid},
year = {2005},
month = {Sep},
address = {Madrid, Spain},
note = {(in Spanish)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/647}
}
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|
Nejjari, F., Prats, X., Puig, V., Quevedo, J., Polit, M., Ouattara, B., Achaibou, K. & Mora-Camino, F. 2005 (Aug).
Containing Aircraft Noise Levels at take-off: a mathematical programming approach.
In Proceedings of the 34th Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering.
International Institute of Noise Control Engineering (I-INCE), Brazilian Acoustical Society (SOBRAC) and Iberoamerican Federation of Acoustic,
Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
Keywords: Aircraft noise abatement, aircraft trajectory optimization, multi-objective optimization |
| Abstract: The sustained growth of air transportation traffic along the last decades has induced increasing noise exposure for the areas surrounding large and medium airports. This study concentrates on the optimization of the take-off and departure flight phase for a transportation aircraft. A general aircraft trajectory generation problem is first formulated as an optimal control problem where a global cost, including noise penalties, is to be minimized. Since aircraft operators and communities have conflictive objectives, a noise index is introduced. Airlines operations costs and community noise levels are expressed as complex functions of the aircraft trajectory geometry resulting in a complex optimization problem. It is observed that flight dynamics present a differential flatness property and it is discussed how to take advantage of this to solve the trajectory generation problem and assess adequately the resulting surrounding noise exposure. Then, the case of a particular standard take-off/initial climb trajectory is considered. It appears that the noise level constraints turn the resulting mathematical programming problem numerically intricate and that this problem should be approached as a parameter optimization problem through a systematic evaluation process. |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{nejjari_05_containing,
author = {Nejjari, Fatiha and Prats, Xavier and Puig, Vicenç and Quevedo, Joseba and Polit, Monique and Ouattara, Baba and Achaibou, Karim and Mora-Camino, Felix},
title = {Containing Aircraft Noise Levels at take-off: a mathematical programming approach},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 34th Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering},
publisher = {International Institute of Noise Control Engineering (I-INCE), Brazilian Acoustical Society (SOBRAC) and Iberoamerican Federation of Acoustic},
year = {2005},
month = {Aug},
address = {Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2117/2031}
}
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Giró, X., Aragón, A., Prats, X. & Acero, L. 2004 (Jun).
The moonlight project: bringing light to our satellite.
In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Solar Power from Space SPS'04.
European Space Agency (ESA),
Granada (Spain).
Keywords: Solar energy, space applications, satellite, light reflector |
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{giro_04_moonlight,
author = {Xavier Giró and Angela Aragón and Xavier Prats and Lluís Acero},
title = {The moonlight project: bringing light to our satellite},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Solar Power from Space SPS'04},
publisher = {European Space Agency (ESA)},
year = {2004},
month = {Jun},
address = {Granada (Spain)}
}
|
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